Psychology: Nervous System and William James

1. Professor Lewis studies the history of psychological science. She would well-nigh liable(predicate) agree with which of the quest tales just about psychologys early history? 2. In thinking about psychology and soul, the idea that the mind and the carcass ar separate entities that interact maintains a lot of finger to you. This view that you fall in is most similar the view of 3. Interactive dualism is the idea that Mind and body were separate entities that interact to produce fighters, emotions, and other conscious begins. 4. Psychology is officially defined asThe scientific call for of unconscious psychic processes. 5. Wilhelm Wundt investigated which of the side by side(p) phenomena? Wundt investigated basic sensory and perceptual processes. 6. Which of the following events do most historians overturn to mark the formal beginning of psychology as a scientific discipline? In 1879 Wundt opened the first psychology inquiry science lab which marked psychology a s an in aquiline field of carry. 7. Which early climax or inculcate of psychology is associated with Wilhelm Wundts student Edward Titchener? Structuralism 8.You are a subject in an experiment who is told Look at this apple very(prenominal) carefully and tell me your exact sensations and feelings as you experience them. The experimenter in this study probably believes in what school of psychology? Structuralism 9. Which of the following pot played a expose role in establishing psychology as a scientific discipline in the joined States? William James 10. Which school of psychology would agree that psychology should stress the study of how style and mental processes allow people and animals to adapt to their environments?Functionalism 11. Which of the following is a TRUE assertion about Mary Whiton Calkins? 12. Who would get been most likely to say why you behave the way you do is beca lend oneself of unconscious reasons, not reasons in your consciousness? Sigmund Freud 13. Y our therapist is very interested in your stargazes, blocked memories, and slips of the tongue. On which woo to psychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy? Psychoanalysis 14. Behaviorism was characterized by observable fashions that could be objectively measured and verified. 15. My goal is to discover how behavior is acquired and modified in response to environmental influences. Such a rehearsal would most likely be made by William James 16. Who knowledgeable dogs to reflexively salivate to the sound of a bell rather than food? Ivan Pavlov 17. deuce key figures in the increase of humanistic psychology include Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow 18. Which of the following people developed a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth? Carl Rogers 19. Humanistic psychology emphasized In self-determination, free- pull up stakes, and the importance of weft in human behavior. 0. The development of medicates that helped laterality the symptoms of se vere psychological disorders and development of techniques to study the human sense contributed to the importance of _____ psychology in late decades. 21. Dr. Barongon is a psychotherapist who helps people develop choices and self-direction in stock to r distributively their fullest potential. Dr. Barongon probably subscribes to the Humanistic perspective of psychology. 22. The cognitive perspective of psychology focuses on mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, line of work soving, memory, cognizance, mental imagery, and language. 3. As a psychology researcher, you have found that the public expression of emotions differs among people from the United States, Japan, Switzerland, and Israel. This type of research fits best with which perspective in psychology? 24. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collectivistic cultures? 25. In collectivistic cultures, a persons sense of identity is interdependent with others 26. Ethnocentrism refers to the tendency to judge other cultures by the standards of our own culture. 27. Which of the following statements best characterizes the principle of natural selection? 28.Cognitive psychology focuses on the study of studies how our cards perceive, process, interpret, and respond to internal and external stimuli. 29. Mrs. Brunberg works with children who have peculiar(a) needs, helping them to develop their intellectual and social skills. Mrs. Brunberg is most likely a _____ psychologist. 30. Lynn has just received a research grant to study the effect of downsizing on morale at a vast computer company. Lynn is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist. 31. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about clinical psychologists? 32. Which of the following best represents psychologys basic goals? escribe, explain, predict, and influence behavior 33. Empirical evidence refers to evidence that is the result of verifiable evidence base on objective observation, measurement and experimentation 34. A hyp othesis is A tentative statement about the relationship between inconstant stars. 35. An operational rendering is A precise description of how the variables will be measured. 36. Which type of research rule is apply to show that one variable causes change in another variable? Independent variable 37. In contrast to the data-based method, the basic goal of the descriptive methods is toobserve and describe behavior. 8. Meta-analysis is Used to prove the results of several studies into a single analysis in order to tell overall trends. 39. The word replicate refers to To repeat or duplicate a scientific study in order to increase confidence in the validity of the original findings. 40. When psychologists governanceatically observe and record behaviors as they encounter in their natural settings, they are employ a descriptive method called they are using the descriptive method called naturalisticobservation. 41. A pseudoscience is a A fake or false science that makes claims bas ed on microscopic or no scientific evidence. 2. A case study is a(n) exceedingly detailed description of a single individual. 43. One potential problem with surveys and questionnaires is that people may not report accurate information 44. A correlation coefficient is Used to measure how an independent variable relates to dependent variable 45. The research method that is used to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between changes in one variable and the effects on another variable is called Independent Variable 46. In an experiment, the independent variable is the variable that is The controlled part in an experiment.It is hypothesized to cause an effect on another variable. 47. In an experiment, the dependent variable is The measured facts. It is hypothesized to be affected. 48. Random assignment refers to a agency that Every subject in the study should have an equal feel of being placed in either the experimental or control group. 49. The map of the control group in an experiment is to To have a group of stable and unchanged variables to compare and analyze results to. 50. The purpose of using a double-blind research design is to help prevent the influence of accidental demand chatacterisitcs. 1. The ethical requirement of informed consent means that purpose procedures risks confidentiality alternatives to participation costs compensation questions consent statement participation is unpaid worker 52. The branch of psychology that is pore on understanding the internal sensible events and processes that correspond with our experiences and behavior is called biological psychology 53. The branch of science that is concerned with the study of the nervous system is called neuroscience 54. Which of the following is TRUE of glial cells? functions like glue Forms the myelin display caseAssist neurons in communicating with each other Removes permissive waste products from neurons Nourishes neurons Besides the neuron, it also the other main type of c ell in nervous system 55. The three basic types of neurons are receptive Neurons, get Neurons, and Interneurons 56. Which part of the neuron receives messages from other neurons? Interneurons 57. The primary function of the myelin sheath is to The primary function is to insulate the neuron cells so that it rouse demeanor quickly. 58. The presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic neuron are separated by a tiny, fluid-filled blank shell called the Synaptic Gap 9. Which of the following best defines a neurotransmitter? They are special chemical messengers manufactured by the neuron. 60. What happens to the neurotransmitters that fail to attach to a sensory receptor site? They are reabsor derriere by the presynaptic neuron so that they keep be re round of drinksd and used again. 61. Like a key in a lock, the do of the Neurotransmitters must fit the Receptor site to affect the postsynaptic neuron. 62. The neurotransmitter called acetylcholine Is found in all motor neurons. It stimul ates muscles to contract, including the heart and stomach muscles. 63.Parkinsons disease is caused by the regression of neurons that produce Dopamine 64. Miguel jogs about five miles a day. At virtually the three-mile point, Miguel usually experiences a rush of positive feelings due to heavy levels of Endorphins. 65. The twain main di imagings of the nervous system are the Central nervous system and the Peripheral Nervous System. 66. In combination, the brain and spinal cord make up the Motor neurons 67. The autonomic nervous system is composed of 2 different branches called the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nervous systems. 68. Which of the following best defines neurogenesis?The development of new neurons. 69. Which represents the largest region of the brain? Cerebrum 70. The primary communication link between the left and right cerebral hemispheres is called Corpus Callosum 71. The hippocampus plays a key role in The index to form new memories. 72. Of the following brain s tructures, which is associated with the emotional responses of fear, disgust, and anger? Amygdala 73. Why was the split-brain operation first performed? It was performed to remain the patients seizures. 74. Functional plasticity Refers to the brains mightiness to shift functions from modify to undamaged brain. 75.The notion of structural plasticity Refers to the brains ability to animal(prenominal)ly change its structure in response to learning, active practice, or environment stimulation. 76. In psychology, the term sensation formally refers to The process of spy a physical arousal such as light, sound, heat, or pressure. 77. In contrast to sensation, the term perception is formally defined as the offshoot of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensory. 78. The process by which physical energy, such as light, is converted into a coded neural signal that can be transmitted to and interpret by the brain is called Transduction 9. The smallest possible stimulus that can b e notice half the time, or the minimum level of stimuli that we can detect is called The unattackable threshold 80. The smallest possible difference between two stimuli that can be detected is called the absolute threshold 81. According to Webers Law, whether we can detect a change in the strength of a stimulus depends upon the intensity of the original stimulus. 82. Perception that is below the threshold of conscious perception is called Subliminal Perception 83. John puts one toe into the swimming pond and shivers because the water is so cold.He grits his teeth and dives in anyway. After about ten minutes, the temperature of the water waits quite comfortable to him. This example illustrates the principle of Sensory Adaption 84. Rods are used for vision in Dark light, and cones are used for vision in Bright light. 85. Which theory best explains color vision in humans? The trichromatic theory and opponent process theory. 86. The sense of hearing is also known as Audition 87. As you fling into your office, you are almost overwhelmed by the strong smell of the cologne with which the duplicator repairman has doused himself.Because you have studied this chapter, however, you reassure yourself that sensory adaptation will occur and you will become much less aware of the spirit in approximately 88. The best candidates for hypnosis are people who Approach the experience with positive, receptive attitudes. 89. A group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness is a definition of Meditation 90. Chemical substances that can alter arousal, mood, thinking, sensation, and perception are called Psychoactive drugs 91. Taste is to gustation as smell is to olfaction. 92.According to your textbook, factors that can INCREASE the perception of pain include fretting and a sense of helplessness. 93. You are able to maintain your equilibrium and brace because of the Vestibular Sense 94. The term gestalt means meaningful whole pe rceptions 95. The ability to accurately gauge the distance of the coffee cup on your desk as you reach for it is called depth perception 96. As you walk on the beach, all(prenominal) detail of the rocks, shells, and sand beneath your feet seem crisp and distinct. As you cheek further down the beach, however, the details of the solid ground in the distance seem fuzzy and blurred.Because of the depth perception cue of texture gradient, you perceive the ground beneath your feet to be much closer than the ground that extends into the distance. 97. Distance cues that consume both eyes are called _____ cues. binocular 98. Distance cues that require the use of only one eye are called _____ cues. vestibular 99. It was the famous American psychologist named _____ who described consciousness as being like a river or a stream. William James 100. The term circadian rhythm refers to any throbbing change that continues at close to a 24 hour cycle in the absence of 24 hour cues. 01. Circadian rhythms that are drastically out of synchronization with daylight and darkness cues can produce fount lag 102. If you are like most people, you experience a effortless slump in your mental alertness around 3 oclock each afternoon. This daily fluctuation in mental alertness is an example of delta brain wave activity. 103. According to the activation-synthesis model of dreaming dreams are a by-product of physiological processes in the brain. 104. As you are reading this question, you are evoke and alert. This means that your brain is generating beta brain waves. 105.Shortly after going to bed and as you are falling a sopor, you experience the vividly realistic sensation that you are falling or tripping forward, which jolts you awake. This vivid sensation is a common example of hypnologic hallucinations 106. As you are being monitored by slumber researchers, almost all of your brain activity comprises delta brain waves. This is a spend sign that you are in stage 4 NREM remainde r 107. According to the adaptive theory of sleep sleep emerged in developing 108. The most common sleep complaint among adults is Insomnia 109. Somnambulism is also called peace walking 110.The term nocturnal enuresis is bedwetting 111. The parasomnias are undesirable physical arousal, behaviors, or events during sleep or sleep transitions. 112. What is sexsomnia? abnormal sexual behaviors and experiences during sleep 113. In a study described in your text, research participants learned a new task before going to sleep. During the night, some participants were repeatedly awakened during NREM sleep, other participants during REM sleep. What did the researchers find when they tested the participants on the new skill the next day? 114. What is a lucid dream? When you can control your dreams 15. Who said, In every dream an instinctual wish has to delineated as fulfilled. Sigmund Freud 116. Which of the following best defines hypnosis? A cooperative social interaction in which the hypnotized person responds to the hypnotists suggestions. 117. Pseudomemories are false memories that can be inadvertently created when under hypnosis 118. The most widely used psychoactive drug in the world is Caffeine 119. Alcohol is classified as a Depressant 120. Prolonged use of cocaine can cause coitus interruptus symptoms. 121. Brandy is fond of attending all-night raves at a dance club heartfelt her home.Some of the raves are drug-free, but at one rave she saw a friend who was sweating profusely, chewing ice and a plastic pacifier, drinking large quantities of water, and hugging everyone in reach as he title his love for all humanity. Brandy suspected that her friend was probably high on _____. 122. Methamphetamine is a type of amphetamine that can be advantageously manufactured, provides an intense high, and causes a reduction in the brains dopamine transporters and receptors. 123. _____ are exceedingly addictive drugs that suppress appetite, produce euphoria, and re duce fatigue. Ecstacy 124. Which of the following is NOT classified as a stimulant?